Cerebrospinal fluid production & flow
Product code: HP0306
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Whole Whole region / system / unpaired organ.
Cerebrospinal fluid is critical for the correct functioning and protection of the central nervous system. It is constantly produced within the ventricular system of the brain, from where it drains into the subarachnoid space, eventually being reabsorbed into the venous system via the arachnoid villi. This Silicone Plastinate enables exploration of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles, their interconnections and associated choroid plexuses. The structure of the scalp and central face and deep anatomy of the neck can also be explored.
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Complementary left-right side views
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Polymer injected arteries
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Stand mounted
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Human tissue with unique ID
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Full aftersales support
Key features include
General
- Whole head and neck.
Head
- Layers of the scalp, including the loose connective tissue ‘danger space’.
- Left and right sides of cranium (calvaria, base and viscerocranium) removed, central part retained.
- One cerebral hemisphere dissected to reveal the position and morphology of the lateral ventricle, its choroid plexus and structures forming its boundaries (e.g., hippocampus).
- One cerebral hemisphere removed to reveal the corpus callosum, third ventricle and (variably) the septum pellucidum.
- Route of flow of cerebrospinal fluid, including the ventricles, interventricular foramen, cerebral aqueduct, and various cranial subarachnoid cisterns (e.g., interpeduncular, prepontine, cerebellomedullary, and chiasmatic).
- Position of the dural venous sinuses and associated cerebral (bridging) veins.
- Sigmoid sinus and its relationship with the tympanic cavity (middle ear).
- Cerebellar hemisphere removed (one side) to reveal the fourth ventricle and cerebellar peduncles.
- Meninges revealed in layers, with associated spaces and vasculature.
- Insula cortex and overlying branches of middle cerebral artery.
- Internal carotid artery in the carotid canal.
- Lateral view of eyeball in orbit, with associated extraocular muscles.
- Structure of the temporomandibular joint (sagittal section) with attachment of the lateral pterygoid muscle.
- Inferior alveolar nerve in the mandibular canal.
- Emergence of supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental nerves, onto the face from their respective foramen.
- Labial glands partly exposed deep to orbicularis oris.
- Facial muscles and muscles acting on the central part of the face.
- Parasagittal section through the face, revealing the tongue, floor of mouth, sublingual glands, maxillary sinus, medial wall of orbit, pharynx and longus colli.
Neck
- Position and course of the vagus (CN X) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves.
- Internal jugular veins removed to reveal the common carotid artery, its bifurcation and relationship to the vagus and hypoglossal nerves.
- External structure of the larynx, including the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, associated membranes and cricothyroid muscle.
- Attachments of the infrahyoid muscles.
- Thyroid gland, and the origin and course of the superior thyroid artery.
- Medial (proximal) part of the cervical plexus including the ansa cervicalis and its branches.
- Brachial plexus and subclavian artery emerging from between the scalenus muscles.
- One half of the vertebral arch removed, and the meninges opened and arranged in layers, to reveal associated spaces (epidural, subdural and subarachnoid) the spinal nerves and their posterior roots, and the vertebral artery.
- Retropharyngeal (danger) space and its inferior extension to the superior mediastinum.
- Suboccipital region and its deep contents and muscles.
Possible variants or pathology (not guaranteed)
- Presence of the septum pellucidum.
- Absent teeth (edentulous).
- Caries (cavities) in teeth and/or dental fillings.
- Morphology and position of glands and viscera.
- Thyroid or salivary gland tumour or cyst.
- Passages (holes) in cranium for emissary veins.
- Amount of tympanic cavity exposed in relation to sigmoid sinus.
- Position and arrangement of the choroid plexuses.
- Position of the carotid bifurcation.
- Aneurysm and atherosclerosis of the carotid vessels.
- Branching pattern of vessels, nerves, and nerve plexuses.
Available customisations
