Trigeminal nerve, dural sinuses & orbit

• Whole head and neck.
• Ventricular system of the brain and choroid plexus.

• Left and right sides of the calvarium and cerebral hemispheres removed to reveal the cranial fossae.
• Cranial dura retained (one side) and removed (opposite side) to reveal the contents of the cavernous sinus and trigeminal cave.
• Dural formations including the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli.
• Infundibular (pituitary) stalk covered by the diaphragm sellae.
• Transverse view of the middle meningeal arteries in an extradural position.
• Position of the dural venous sinuses and associated cerebral (bridging) veins.
• Internal capsule and corpus callosum retained on one side and removed on the opposite side to reveal the septum pellucidum, cerebral peduncle, and third ventricle.
• Partially revealed course of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries.
• Olfactory bulb and tract, and their connection to the brain.
• Tentorium cerebelli and cerebellar hemisphere removed (one side) to reveal a superolateral view of the brainstem and origins of the cranial nerves, and a superior view of the foramen magnum.
• Brainstem origin, course and relations of the oculomotor (CN III) and trochlear (CN IV) nerves.
• Orbit dissected to reveal the optic nerve (CN II) passing from the cranial cavity to the eyeball.
• Attachment and course of the extraocular muscles, including the superior and inferior oblique and the position of the common tendinous ring.
• Parotid gland removed to reveal the facial nerve emerging from the stylomastoid foramen and the parotid plexus and its branches.
• Lips and labial glands retained (one side) and removed (opposite side) to reveal the oral vestibule, alveolar processes, and gingiva.
• Infratemporal fossae and their neurovascular contents revealed variably across the left and right sides.
• Deep dissection reveals the origin, course, ganglion and branching of the trigeminal nerve, including its three branches exiting the cranium, and their subsequent branching.
• Emergence of supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental nerves onto the face from their respective foramen.
• Sites of the lower cranial nerves* passing through the cranial dura.

*Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is not visible.

• Position and course of the vagus (CN X), spinal accessory (CNXI), hypoglossal (CN XII) and phrenic nerves.
• Internal jugular veins removed to reveal the common carotid arteries, their bifurcation and relationship with various nerves in the neck.
• Morphology, course, and relations of the facial, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries.
• Arrangement and relations of the scalenus muscles, including their inferior attachment.
• Hyoid bone and structure of the larynx, including the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, associated membranes, and cricothyroid muscle.
• Attachment points of the infrahyoid muscles.
• Thyroid gland and the origin and course of the superior thyroid artery.
• Structures emerging from between and around the scalenus muscles, including the brachial plexus, cervical plexus, subclavian artery, and subclavian vein.
• Position and course of the branches of the cervical plexus, including the ansa cervicalis.
• Laminectomy of the cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae, with the meninges opened and arranged in layers, reveals the epidural space and a posterior view of the spinal cord in the vertebral canal and posterior roots of the spinal nerves.
• Suboccipital region, including regional muscles, the suboccipital triangle and associated neurovasculature.
• Structure of the superior part of the thoracic wall, including the sternoclavicular joint, medial clavicle, and subclavius.
• Apical region of the thoracic cavity, with cervical parietal pleura removed to reveal the superior thoracic aperture and associated structures, including the T1 spinal nerve, sympathetic trunk, and sympathetic ganglia.