Body 4: Deep structures, arteries & somatic nerves
Product code: HP0104
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Whole Whole region / system / unpaired organ.
The various systems and regions of the body function together as a cohesive unit. Understanding the location, organisation and interconnection of these system, regions and structures is complex, and benefits from studying multiple anatomical specimens and views. This Silicone Plastinate (Body 4) is the fourth in a set of five bodies, that collectively show anatomical structures, systems and regions from multiple perspectives and with progressively deeper dissection. Body 4 provides clear views of mainly deep level structures, the circulatory system, somatic nerves and joints, via partial or complete removal of most superficial and intermediate level structures, including superficial and deep veins. Various viscera of the thorax and retroperitoneal space are shown. To maximise visualisation and learning benefit, different structures, positional arrangements, and dissection levels are shown on the left and right sides.
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Complementary left-right side views
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Stand mounted
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Human tissue with unique ID
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Full aftersales support
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Polymer injected arteries & veins
Key features include
General
- Whole body with focus on deeper structures, arteries and somatic nerves.
- Course and main branches of the arteries and nerves of the limbs, with select anatomy remaining in place to provide positional context.
- Veins removed to provide clear views of underlying structures.
Head and neck
- Window cut through the right frontal, parietal and temporal bones, and the associated meninges.
- Occipital and posterior part of parietal bone removed to reveal the dura covering the occipital and parietal (posterior part) lobes on the left side: a window is cut through the meninges on the right side.
- Right cerebral hemisphere removed to reveal the thalamus, internal capsule, falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, and branches of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries.
- Windows cut through the meninges covering the posterior cranial fossa (both sides).
- Cerebellar hemisphere in-situ (one side) and removed (opposite side) to reveal the cerebellar peduncles, brainstem, fourth ventricle and the origin of the facial (CN VII), vestibulocochlear (CN VIII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X) and spinal accessory nerves (CN XI).
- Various formations of the cranial dura, and associated vasculature.
- Anterior and lateral views of contents of the right orbit, including the position and origin of the extraocular muscles.
- External and middle ear, including the tympanic membrane and auditory ossicles.
- Anterior view of the left orbit with the eyeball removed.
- Boundaries, relations and various contents of the infratemporal fossa.
- Mandible removed (one side) to show a lateral view of the contents of the oral cavity, tongue and floor of the mouth, including the course and distribution of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve.
- Deep structures of the face and viscerocranium.
- Cervical and brachial plexuses.
- Hyoid bone, and the external structure of the larynx and trachea.
Back
- Almost complete laminectomy (from cervical to sacral vertebrae) reveals the spinal cord, origins of the spinal nerves, layers of the spinal meninges, spinal accessory nerve (CN IX).
- Termination of the spinal cord and subarachnoid space.
- Epaxial (deep intrinsic) muscles of the back and thoracolumbar fascia.
- Origin and formation of the lumbosacral plexus from posterior and anterior views.
Thorax, abdomen and pelvis
- Right side of the thoracic wall intact, showing its shape and continuity with the abdominal wall, and the origin of serratus anterior.
- Intercostal space anatomy, including the layers of intercostal muscles/membranes and neurovascular bundles.
- Window cut in left anterolateral thoracic wall and left lung removed to reveal the heart, systemic arteries and great vessels of the thorax and the left phrenic nerve.
- Paramedian window cut in right posterior thoracic wall to reveal the superior and inferior lobes of the right lung.
- Inferior view of the structure, shape and attachments of the diaphragm, including its crura, foramen/hiatus (apertures), ligaments and triangles.
- Anterosuperior view of left hemidiaphragm and left costodiaphragmatic recess.
- Window cut in anterolateral abdominal wall to reveal its layered structure and the position, content, and structure of the inguinal canal.
- Abdominal wall and most abdominal viscera removed to reveal the structure of the posterior wall (back) of abdomen.
- Abdominal aorta and various branches, including the coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, renal, and lumbar (segmental) arteries.
- Kidneys and suprarenal glands and their arterial supply.
- Course of the ureter from the kidney to bladder.
- Bladder with a window providing a view of its internal structure, including the mucosa, trigone and ureteric and internal urethral orifices.
- Psoas major removed, and a window cut through the sacrum and ilium (one side) to reveal the lumbosacral plexus and the course of its branches.
- Antero-superior view of the viscera and vasculature of the pelvis, with most peritoneum removed.
- Male or female internal and external genital system anatomy. Male also includes the spermatic fasciae, course of the ductus deferens and separation of the erectile tissues of the penis. Female also includes the round ligament of uterus and parts of the broad ligament.
- Structure and neurovascular supply of the pelvic floor and external anal sphincter (inferior/perineal view).
- Ischioanal fossae, perineal pouches and transverse perineal muscles.
Lower Limb
- Deep level muscles, joints and ligaments (one side) and bones, joints and internal structures of knee and ankle joints (opposite side).
- Deep gluteal region muscles and nerves, with sciatic foramen.
- Course and branching of femoral artery and branches of the lumbar and sacral plexuses.
- Most muscles removed (one side) to allow focus on the route and branching of arteries and somatic nerves. Some musculature is retained to provide positional context.
- Patella reflected (one side) to reveal the menisci and anterior cruciate ligament.
- Deep structures of the feet with different yet complementary muscular, ligamentous and neurovascular structures shown across the left and right sides.
Upper Limb
- Deep level muscles, joints and ligaments of the arm, forearm and hand, with different levels of dissection/structure shown across the left and right sides.
- Most muscles removed (one side) to allow focus on the route and branching of arteries and somatic nerves. Some musculature is retained to provide positional context.
- Borders of the carpal tunnel (one side), with median nerve in-situ and all flexor tendons removed. Carpal tunnel opened (opposite side) with contents lifted and displayed.
- Ulnar (Guyon) canal closed (one side) and opened (opposite side).
- Distal attachments (stumps) of landmark tendons and muscles remain in place.
Possible variants or pathology (not guaranteed)
- Branching patterns of vessels, nerves and nerve plexuses.
- Position and course of vessels and nerves.
- Tortuosity of arteries.
- Arterial aneurysm and atherosclerosis.
- Positioning of the limbs.
- Orthopaedic implants.
- Osteoarthritis and disease-related joint deformity.
- Rheumatological bone and soft tissue changes.
- Distended thoracic or abdominal cavity.
- Morphology and position of viscera and muscles.
- Pathology of the viscera.
- Age-related changes to viscera and muscles.
- Vermiform appendix absent (appendicectomy).
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