Trigeminal nerve, cavernous sinus & orbit
Product code: HP0207
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Single Side Left or right side of a region / system / organ.
The face and orbit are innervated by numerous cranial nerves, with the trigeminal nerve (CN V) providing an extensive sensory innervation and motor innervation to the mastication muscles, and the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves innervating various extraocular muscles, and the oculomotor nerve innervating the pupil. A knowledge of the course and anatomical relations of these cranial nerves helps explain the signs (localizing and false localizing) and symptoms associated with their damage. This Silicone Plastinate reveals the course of these nerves within the head, via exposure of the brainstem, cavernous sinus, trigeminal cave and infratemporal fossa. The arrangement and contents of the orbit can be explored from multiple perspectives, allowing the position and functions of the extraocular muscles to be visualized.
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Polymer injected arteries
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Stand mounted
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Human tissue with unique ID
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Full aftersales support
Key features include
General
- Half head and neck (left or right), including the superior thoracic vertebrae and ribs, sternum, and medial clavicle.
- Course and branching of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).
- Contents of the cavernous sinus and the orbit.
- Medial view of median sagittal section of the head and neck, including the brain, brainstem and cerebellum surrounded by the cranial meninges.
- Most veins and salivary glands removed to provide clear views of underlying structures.
Head
- Window cut in the anterolateral cranium (through frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones), and parts of frontal and temporal lobes removed to reveal the contents of the orbit, and the course, branching and points of exit of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).
- Condyle and ramus (superior part) of mandible, zygoma, zygomatic arch and pterygoid muscles removed to reveal the infratemporal fossa, and its neurovascular contents, including the branches of the trigeminal nerve and maxillary artery.
- Chorda tympani joining the lingual nerve.
- Inferior alveolar artery and nerve and their course through part of the mandibular canal.
- Emergence of supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental nerves and arteries, onto the face from their respective foramen.
- Cavernous sinus opened to reveal its contents, including the course and position of associated cranial nerves and the internal carotid artery.
- Lateral and superior views of the orbit and its contents, including the lacrimal gland and the position and innervation of extraocular muscles (some).
- Relationship of eyeball and orbital contents to the maxillary sinus and infraorbital nerve.
- Tentorium cerebelli and dural venous sinuses (some).
- Ventricles of the brain (lateral, third and fourth) and their interconnection.
- Position, course, and territory of the anterior cerebral artery.
- Position and course of the middle cerebral artery and its branches (some) in the lateral sulcus.
- Diencephalon, infundibulum and infundibular (pituitary) stalk.
- Corpus callosum, and anterior column and body of fornix.
- Pituitary gland in pituitary fossa.
- Relationship between the pituitary fossa and sphenoid sinus.
- Position of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses.
- Nasal cavity, nasal meatae, nasal concha and nasal choana: Part of the nasal septum may remain.
- Oral cavity, and the position and structure of the palate (soft and hard), tongue and floor (inferior region) of mouth.
- Parotid and submandibular salivary gland removed.
- Buccinator and the penetration of the parotid duct.
- Pinna and external acoustic meatus.
- Eyelids and palpebral fissure.
- Facial muscles in the central part of the face.
- Arterial and nerve supply to the part of the scalp.
Neck
- Muscles of the posterior neck and back (superior part) in-situ (splenius capitis, serratus posterior superior) or partially removed (levator scapula, trapezius).
- Sternocleidomastoid partially removed and/or reflected.
- Anterior triangle of the neck, its sub-triangles, and contents.
- Medial part of the posterior triangle of the neck and its contents.
- Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles.
- Course and bifurcation of the common carotid artery.
- Branches of the external carotid artery
- Position and course of the vagus (CN X), hypoglossal (CN XII), spinal root of accessory (CN XI) and phrenic nerves, and ansa cervicalis.
- Arrangement and relations of the scalenus muscles.
- Cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus emerging from the nerve point of the neck, and their course.
- Brachial plexus and subclavian artery emerging from between the scalenus muscles.
- Structure and position of the thyroid gland and superior thyroid artery, and their relationship with the infrahyoid muscles.
- Structure of the larynx, including the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, associated membranes, and the vocal and vestibular folds.
- Position, structure, regions, and communication of the pharynx, including the torus tubarius.
- Location and communication of the retropharyngeal (danger) space.
- Structure of the vertebral column (superior part), including the intervertebral discs and median atlanto-axial joint (medial view).
- Spinal cord in the vertebral canal, with meningeal coverings and epidural space.
- Apical region of thorax, with parietal pleura removed to reveal the superior thoracic aperture and associated structures, including the root of the T1 spinal nerve and the sympathetic trunk and ganglia.
- Structure of the superior part of the thoracic wall, including the intercostal spaces, sternoclavicular joint, and medial clavicle.
Possible variants or pathology (not guaranteed)
- Absent teeth (edentulous).
- Caries (cavities) in teeth and/or dental fillings.
- Morphology and position of glands and viscera.
- Thyroid or salivary gland tumour or cyst.
- Foramen in cranium for emissary veins.
- Arrangement of choroid plexus.
- Pituitary gland may not be present in pituitary fossa.
- Morphology of nasal conchae.
- Visibility and pneumatisation of paranasal sinuses.
- Visibility of chorda tympani joining the lingual nerve.
- Position of carotid bifurcation.
- Aneurysm and atherosclerosis of carotid vessels.
- Tortuosity of arteries.
- Branching patterns of vessels, nerves and nerve plexuses.
Available customisations
- Retain key veins, including the internal jugular, external jugular and facial (note, limits visibility of underlying structures).
- Reveal structure of sternoclavicular joint (coronal cut).
- Retain the septum pellucidum.
- Retain the falx cerebri.
- Reveal the palatine nerves.
- Reveal the superior alveolar nerves.
- Reveal the lingual nerve.
- Please contact us to discuss bespoke customisations.
