Eye movements & visual pathway
Product code: HP1212
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Whole Whole region / system / unpaired organ.
The visual system consists of the eye and visual pathway, and multiple structures/systems to protect and move the eye. These numerous components are distributed throughout the head, neck, brain and spinal cord making them challenging to combine and visualise. This Silicone Plastinate uniquely reveals the eyes and extraocular muscles together with the course of optic nerve, and the intracerebral and cortical parts of the visual pathway and associated cranial nerves originating from the brainstem. The vascular supply of the brainstem is also revealed, alongside clinically important relationships between arteries and cranial nerves.
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Complementary left-right side views
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Polymer injected arteries
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Stand mounted
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Human tissue with unique ID
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Full aftersales support
Typical Features
- Inferior view of the cerebrum (part), brainstem, proximal spinal cord and contents of the orbit, presented in the calvaria with associated meningeal layers.
- Dura and its relationship with the meningeal arteries.
- Arachnoid covering cortical vessels.
- Optic nerve passing from the retina to the optic chiasm.
- Relationship of the optic chiasm to the internal carotid artery, infundibulum and mamillary bodies.
- Optic tracts, lateral geniculate nuclei and optic radiations revealed via removal of the cerebellum and inferior parts of the temporal and occipital lobes.
- Visual cortex with the calcarine sulcus complete (one side) and dissected (opposite side) to reveal white fibres from the optic radiation.
- Cranial nerves passing to the orbit including the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV), abducens (CN VI) originating from the brainstem, and the ophthalmic (CN V1/A) nerve originating from the trigeminal ganglion.
- Posterior brainstem origin of the trochlear nerve (CN IV).
- Relationship between the oculomotor (CN III) and trochlear (CN IV) nerves and regional arteries.
- Inferior view of the position and relations of the extraocular muscles.
- Various vasculature of the orbit, including the ophthalmic artery.
- External features of the anterior brainstem including its three main parts (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata), cerebral peduncles, interpeduncular fossa, and the pyramids and olives of the medulla oblongata.
- External features of the posterior brainstem and spinal cord including the cerebellar peduncles, fourth ventricle, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, and cuneate and gracile tubercles and fasciculi.
- Trigeminal nerve and the trigeminal ganglion, with proximal parts of the maxillary and mandibular nerves.
- Origin and proximal parts of the cranial nerves (most) of the distal brainstem and spinal cord.
- Arterial supply to the brainstem and cerebellum (cut).
Possible variants or pathology
- Morphology of the optic radiation.
- Bilateral presence of all cranial nerves.
- Presence and branching pattern of arteries.
- Amount retained of the olfactory bulb.
- Brain pathology (e.g. cortical atrophy).
Available customisations
- Position eyeball to show superiorly located extraocular muscles (one side).
- Retain lacrimal gland (one side).
- Please contact us to discuss bespoke customisations.
