Lumbosacral plexus in-situ & exposed
Product code: HP1208
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2 Halves Region / system / unpaired organ presented in two halves.
The lumbosacral plexus innervates the pelvic girdle, lower limb (free part), perineum, inferior part of the abdominal wall and various viscera in the pelvic cavity. It originates from the anterior rami of the L1-S4 spinal nerves: the lumbar part of the plexus is in the retroperitoneal space within psoas major, and the sacral part is in the posterolateral region of the pelvic cavity. This Silicone Plastinate uniquely reveals the lumbosacral plexus and the course and destination of various branches in the gluteal region, perineum and proximal lower limb. To optimise views, most viscera, vasculature and fascia are removed, and a median plane cut separates the pelvis into two halves. The interconnections of the lumbar plexus are revealed on one side via removal of psoas major.
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Complementary left-right side views
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Polymer injected arteries
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Stand mounted
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Human tissue with unique ID
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Full aftersales support
Key features include
General
- Abdomen, pelvis, perineum and proximal lower limbs presented in two halves.
- Male or female external genitalia.
- Most blood vessels and viscera removed to reveal underlying structures.
- Muscles and regions – abdomen and pelvis
- Transverse section of the vertebral column at T12.
- Median sagittal section through the vertebral column, pelvis and inferior part of anterolateral abdominal wall.
- Cauda equina and the termination of the spinal cord (medullary cone) with the meningeal coverings in the vertebral canal.
- Superficial (one side) and deep (opposite side) dissections of various epaxial muscles of the back.
- Muscles of the inferior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall, and their layered arrangement.
- Position and structure of the inguinal canal and inguinal rings and the course of the ilioinguinal nerve, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve and spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus .
- Twelfth rib with quadratus lumborum and subcostal nerve.
- Muscles of the lower limb originating from the pelvis and vertebral column (e.g., iliopsoas).
- Femoral sheath (proximal part) and fascial plane location of the femoral nerve.
- Position, borders and neural contents of the greater and lesser sciatic foramina.
- Obturator internus with its tendinous arch and levator ani (part).
- Ischioanal fossa and its neural contents.
Muscles and regions - lower limb
- Gluteus maximus cut and reflected (one side) and mostly removed (opposite side) to reveal the deeper muscles and nerves of the gluteal region.
- Gluteus medius reflected to reveal gluteus minimus and the superior gluteal nerve.
- Muscles of the proximal thigh, mainly in their anatomical position.
- Various muscles are partially lifted to reveal underlying structures and regions, their layered arrangement and the course and distribution of associated nerves.
- Proximal attachment and position of the iliotibial tract and its associated muscles.
- Boundaries (most) and neural contents of the femoral triangle.
- Proximal part and neural contents of the adductor canal.
Organs
- Male or female external genitalia (internal genitalia removed).
- Sagittal section through the penis revealing the urethra and erectile tissues.
- Testicle with its coverings opened and reflected.
- Spermatic cord and its contents passing to the testicle.
- Position and orientation of the anal canal.
- External anal sphincter and its innervation.
Neurovasculature
- Main branches of the lumbar plexus emerging around psoas major (one side).
- Psoas major mostly removed (one side) to reveal the interconnections of the lumbar plexus.
- Position and interconnections of the sacral plexus, including the lumbosacral trunk and its relationship with the sacroiliac joint.
- Course and destination of the main somatic branches of the lumbar and sacral plexuses.
- Position of key cutaneous nerves including the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and its perineal branches, and anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve.
Possible variants or pathology (not guaranteed)
- Branching patterns of nerves, and nerve plexuses.
- Position and course of and nerves.
- Positioning of the limbs.
- Orthopaedic implants.
- Osteoarthritis and disease-related joint deformity.
- Rheumatological bone and soft tissue changes.
- Morphology and position of muscles.
- Muscle attachment points, morphology, and fibre arrangement.
- Age-related changes to muscles.
- Orientation and alignment (valgus/varus) of the joints.
- Size and shape of organs.
- Appendix of testicle or epididymis.
- Haemorrhoid.
Available customisations
- Female donor.
- Male donor.
- Retain and reflect iliacus fascia and parietal peritoneum (one side).
- Retain ~5cm of femoral/external iliac artery and vein in femoral sheath (one side).
- Intermediate and deep dissection of the thigh (one side).
- Retain ring of fascia lata to demonstrate superficial position of cutaneous nerves (one side).
